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Accounting Notes · CA Foundation · UPSC
CA Foundation · Accounting

Accounting Notes

Complete chapter-wise coverage — Theoretical Framework, Accounting Process, Final Accounts, Partnership Accounts, and more.

📘 Theoretical Framework

Unit 1

Meaning and Scope of Accounting

Definition, objectives, functions, and limitations of accounting.

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Unit 2

Accounting Concepts, Principles and Conventions

GAAP, fundamental accounting assumptions, and conventions.

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Unit 3

Capital and Revenue Expenditures and Receipts

Distinction between capital and revenue items and their treatment.

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Unit 4

Contingent Assets and Contingent Liabilities

Definition, recognition, and disclosure as per accounting standards.

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Unit 5

Accounting Policies

Selection, application, and changes in accounting policies.

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Unit 6

Accounting as a Measurement Discipline

Valuation principles, accounting estimates, and measurement bases.

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Unit 7

Accounting Standards

AS-1 to AS-32, applicability, and significance for financial reporting.

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📗 Accounting Process

Unit 1

Basic Accounting Procedures – Journal entries

Rules of debit and credit, journalising, and compound entries.

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Unit 2

Ledgers

Posting from journal, balancing, and preparation of ledger accounts.

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Unit 3

Trial Balance

Objectives, methods of preparation, and limitations.

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Unit 4

Subsidiary Books

Purchase book, sales book, returns book, and other special journals.

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Unit 5

Cash Book

Single column, double column, and triple column cash books.

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Unit 6

Rectification of Errors

Types of errors, suspense account, and rectification entries.

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📙 Special Chapters

Chapter

Bank Reconciliation Statement

Preparation of BRS, causes of differences, and reconciliation of cash book and pass book balances.

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Chapter

Inventories

Valuation of inventories, FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, and AS-2 guidelines.

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Chapter

Depreciation and Amortisation

Methods of depreciation, SLM, WDV, amortisation of intangible assets, and AS-6.

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Chapter

Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes

Types of bills, endorsement, discounting, dishonour, and accounting treatment.

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Chapter

Preparation of Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors

Unit 1: Final Accounts of Non-Manufacturing Entities
Unit 2: Final Accounts of Manufacturing Entities

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Chapter

Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organisations

Receipts & Payments Account, Income & Expenditure Account, and Balance Sheet.

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Chapter

Accounts from Incomplete Records

Single entry system, statement of affairs, conversion method, and profit determination.

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🤝 Partnership and LLP Accounts

Unit 1

Introduction to Partnership Accounts

Partnership deed, profit sharing ratio, capital accounts, and interest on capital/drawings.

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Unit 2

Treatment of Goodwill in Partnership Accounts

Valuation of goodwill, methods of valuation, and accounting treatment.

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Unit 3

Admission of a New Partner

Revaluation of assets and liabilities, adjustment of goodwill, and new profit sharing ratio.

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Unit 4

Retirement of a Partner

Calculation of gaining ratio, treatment of goodwill, and adjustment of capital accounts.

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Unit 5

Death of a Partner

Calculation of share of profit, treatment of goodwill, and settlement of deceased partner's account.

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Unit 6

Dissolution of Partnership Firms and LLPs

Mode of dissolution, settlement of accounts, and treatment of realisation expenses.

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📌 More Chapters Will Be Added Soon

Stay tuned for additional modules on Company Accounts, Financial Reporting, and more.

📚 Accounting Notes · Complete coverage — 7 theoretical units + 6 process units + 7 special chapters + 6 partnership units