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Past Simple

July 10, 2026
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📐 CHAPTER 5: THE SIMPLE PAST

English Grammar | By Mary Ansell


📖 1. USES OF THE SIMPLE PAST

Simple Past Tense

The uses of the Simple Past are similar to the uses of the Simple Present, except that past states or actions are expressed.

🔹 Actions at Regular Intervals in the Past

Example

  • Last year I drove to Yarmouth once a week.

🔹 Situations Existing for a Period of Time in the Past

Examples

  • Millions of years ago, dinosaurs inhabited the earth.
  • George Washington was the first president of the United States.

🔹 Non-Continuous Actions at a Definite Time in the Past

Examples

  • Columbus reached America in 1492.
  • I graduated from school last year.

📋 2. FORMATION OF THE SIMPLE PAST

2a. The Verb To Be

Simple Past of "To Be"

The Simple Past of the verb to be is conjugated as follows:

SubjectVerb Form
Iwas
youwere
hewas
shewas
itwas
wewere
theywere

🔹 Questions and Negative Statements

The Simple Present and Simple Past of the verb to be do not use auxiliaries to form questions and negative statements. The verb itself is used.

Examples

TypeExample
AffirmativeI was awake.
QuestionWas I awake?
NegativeI was not awake.
Negative Question (No Contraction)Was I not awake?
Negative Question (Contraction)Wasn't I awake?
Tag QuestionI was awake, wasn't I?

🔹 Contractions

Without ContractionsWith Contractions
was notwasn't
were notweren't

2b. Other Verbs

Simple Past of Other Verbs

English verbs other than to be have the same form in the Simple Past, regardless of the subject.

🔹 Regular Verbs

For regular English verbs, the Simple Past has the same form as the past participle.

Conjugation of "To Work" (Simple Past)

SubjectVerb Form
Iworked
youworked
heworked
sheworked
itworked
weworked
theyworked

🔹 Irregular Verbs

For irregular English verbs, the form of the Simple Past must be memorized.

Examples

Bare InfinitiveSimple PastPast Participle
beginbeganbegun
findfoundfound
gowentgone
letletlet
taketooktaken

Conjugation of "To Take" (Simple Past)

SubjectVerb Form
Itook
youtook
hetook
shetook
ittook
wetook
theytook

🔹 Questions and Negative Statements

In both the Simple Present and Simple Past of verbs other than to be, questions and negative statements are formed using the auxiliary to do and the bare infinitive.

Conjugation of "To Do" (Simple Past)
SubjectAuxiliary
Idid
youdid
hedid
shedid
itdid
wedid
theydid

Examples (Regular Verb "To Work")

TypeExample
AffirmativeI worked.
QuestionDid I work?
NegativeI did not work.
Negative Question (No Contraction)Did I not work?
Negative Question (Contraction)Didn't I work?
Tag QuestionI worked, didn't I?

💡 Key Rule: When using the auxiliary did, the main verb must be in the bare infinitive form, not the Simple Past form.

🔹 Contractions
Without ContractionsWith Contractions
did notdidn't

📝 3. THE SIMPLE PAST OF TO USE FOLLOWED BY AN INFINITIVE

Used To

The Simple Past of the verb to use, followed by an infinitive, generally refers to something which took place repeatedly or continuously in the past, but which no longer takes place.

Examples

  • The ferry used to operate every day.
  • We used to live on Duke Street.

💡 Note:

  • In the first example: the ferry used to operate every day in the past, but now it does not operate every day.
  • In the second example: we used to live on Duke Street in the past, but now we do not live there.

📝 EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 5

Exercise 1. Using the Simple Past tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verb to be.

Example: I ______ calm. → I was calm.
You ______ right. → You were right.

  1. He ______ happy.
  2. We ______ students.
  3. They ______ ambitious.
  4. You ______ clever.
  5. It ______ hot.
  6. I ______ busy.
  7. We ______ patient.
  8. She ______ eleven years old.
  9. They ______ intelligent.
  10. He ______ in a hurry.

Answers to Exercise 1:

  1. was
  2. were
  3. were
  4. were
  5. was
  6. was
  7. were
  8. was
  9. were
  10. was

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.

Example: You were on time.
→ Were you on time?
→ You were not on time.
→ Were you not on time?
→ Weren't you on time?
→ You were on time, weren't you?

  1. I was late.
  2. They were in a hurry.
  3. He was an artist.
  4. We were right.
  5. She was there.

Answers to Exercise 2:

  1. Was I late?
    I was not late.
    Was I not late?
    Wasn't I late?
    I was late, wasn't I?
  2. Were they in a hurry?
    They were not in a hurry.
    Were they not in a hurry?
    Weren't they in a hurry?
    They were in a hurry, weren't they?
  3. Was he an artist?
    He was not an artist.
    Was he not an artist?
    Wasn't he an artist?
    He was an artist, wasn't he?
  4. Were we right?
    We were not right.
    Were we not right?
    Weren't we right?
    We were right, weren't we?
  5. Was she there?
    She was not there.
    Was she not there?
    Wasn't she there?
    She was there, wasn't she?

Exercise 3. Paying attention to the correct spelling, fill in the blanks with the Simple Past of the regular verbs shown in brackets.

Example: It ______ raining. (to stop) → It stopped raining.
I ______ myself. (to disguise) → I disguised myself.

  1. She ______ through the book. (to flip)
  2. We ______ the traffic. (to watch)
  3. You ______ the flowers carefully. (to arrange)
  4. He ______ about his success. (to brag)
  5. They ______ sightseeing. (to enjoy)
  6. He ______ us with pencils. (to supply)
  7. I ______ the child. (to reassure)
  8. We ______ for them. (to wait)
  9. They ______ the books overseas. (to ship)
  10. She ______ too much. (to worry)

Answers to Exercise 3:

  1. flipped
  2. watched
  3. arranged
  4. bragged
  5. enjoyed
  6. supplied
  7. reassured
  8. waited
  9. shipped
  10. worried

Exercise 4. Referring to the table of English irregular verbs if necessary, fill in the blanks with the Simple Past tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets.

Example: They ______ a song. (to write) → They wrote a song.
We ______ the floor. (to sweep) → We swept the floor.

  1. She ______ the dishes. (to do)
  2. They ______ for a walk. (to go)
  3. He ______ his time. (to take)
  4. I ______ the beds. (to make)
  5. They ______ to catch the bus. (to run)
  6. She ______ up quickly. (to get)
  7. You ______ the coffee. (to drink)
  8. We ______ soundly. (to sleep)
  9. He ______ his books. (to forget)
  10. I ______ the house. (to leave)

Answers to Exercise 4:

  1. did
  2. went
  3. took
  4. made
  5. ran
  6. got
  7. drank
  8. slept
  9. forgot
  10. left

Exercise 5. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the following affirmative statements into questions.

Example: He lifted the suitcase. → Did he lift the suitcase?
I paid the rent. → Did I pay the rent?

  1. She hurried to school.
  2. They carried the parcels.
  3. You closed the door.
  4. I plugged in the lamp.
  5. They planned the party.
  6. We taught the class.
  7. She told a story.
  8. They struck a bargain.
  9. He met his friends.
  10. I shook hands.

Answers to Exercise 5:

  1. Did she hurry to school?
  2. Did they carry the parcels?
  3. Did you close the door?
  4. Did I plug in the lamp?
  5. Did they plan the party?
  6. Did we teach the class?
  7. Did she tell a story?
  8. Did they strike a bargain?
  9. Did he meet his friends?
  10. Did I shake hands?

Exercise 6. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the following affirmative statements into negative statements.

Example: I scanned the newspaper. → I did not scan the newspaper.
They flew to Toronto. → They did not fly to Toronto.

  1. We enjoyed ourselves.
  2. She pinned on the brooch.
  3. I fanned myself.
  4. They emptied their pockets.
  5. You replied at once.
  6. He went to work.
  7. We swam across the river.
  8. They took the bus.
  9. I shut the windows.
  10. You ran fast.

Answers to Exercise 6:

  1. We did not enjoy ourselves.
  2. She did not pin on the brooch.
  3. I did not fan myself.
  4. They did not empty their pockets.
  5. You did not reply at once.
  6. He did not go to work.
  7. We did not swim across the river.
  8. They did not take the bus.
  9. I did not shut the windows.
  10. You did not run fast.

Exercise 7. Paying attention to the correct forms of the bare infinitives, change the following affirmative statements into negative questions. Give both the forms without contractions and the forms with contractions.

Example: You walked quickly.
→ Did you not walk quickly?
→ Didn't you walk quickly?

  1. You watched the game.
  2. I climbed the ladder.
  3. We pleased the visitors.
  4. They canned the peaches.
  5. He received the letter.
  6. You saw the fireworks.
  7. It cost five dollars.
  8. She hit the ball.
  9. He did his homework.
  10. They cut the ribbon.

Answers to Exercise 7:

  1. Did you not watch the game? Didn't you watch the game?
  2. Did I not climb the ladder? Didn't I climb the ladder?
  3. Did we not please the visitors? Didn't we please the visitors?
  4. Did they not can the peaches? Didn't they can the peaches?
  5. Did he not receive the letter? Didn't he receive the letter?
  6. Did you not see the fireworks? Didn't you see the fireworks?
  7. Did it not cost five dollars? Didn't it cost five dollars?
  8. Did she not hit the ball? Didn't she hit the ball?
  9. Did he not do his homework? Didn't he do his homework?
  10. Did they not cut the ribbon? Didn't they cut the ribbon?

Exercise 8. Rewrite the following sentences, changing the underlined verbs from the Simple Past to the form with used followed by the infinitive.

Example: They took the bus. → They used to take the bus.
She traveled every year. → She used to travel every year.

  1. It snowed heavily.
  2. I came often.
  3. We were neighbors.
  4. He wrote many letters.
  5. They walked to work.
  6. He teased us.
  7. She told us stories.
  8. You rode a bicycle.

Answers to Exercise 8:

  1. It used to snow heavily.
  2. I used to come often.
  3. We used to be neighbors.
  4. He used to write many letters.
  5. They used to walk to work.
  6. He used to tease us.
  7. She used to tell us stories.
  8. You used to ride a bicycle.

📌 KEY SUMMARY

🔹 Simple Past of "To Be"

SubjectVerb Form
I, he, she, itwas
you, we, theywere

🔹 Simple Past of Other Verbs

  • Regular: add ed to the bare infinitive (work → worked)
  • Irregular: must be memorized (go → went, take → took)

🔹 Questions and Negatives

TypeFormExample
QuestionDid + subject + bare infinitive?Did you work?
NegativeSubject + did not + bare infinitiveI did not work.
Negative QuestionDid + subject + not + bare infinitive?Did you not work?
Tag QuestionStatement + , + didn't + subject?You worked, didn't you?

🔹 Used To

  • Used to + infinitive: expresses past habits or states that no longer exist
  • Example: I used to live in London.

📚 English Grammar | By Mary Ansell
Chapter 5: The Simple Past

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