📐 CHAPTER 8: CONJUGATIONS WITH THE AUXILIARY WOULD
English Grammar | By Mary Ansell
📖 1. USES OF THE AUXILIARY WOULD
Auxiliary Would
The auxiliary would is used in a variety of ways:
🔹 Polite Requests and Suggestions
Examples
- Would you please tell me the time?
- Perhaps it would be a good idea to call the office.
🔹 Future in the Past
Future in the Past
The auxiliary would can express a future in the past and is used in reporting statements and questions which pertained to the future at the time they were made.
Examples
- She asked if we would help her the next day.
- They said they would arrange to meet us the following week.
🔹 Wishes and False Conditions
Examples
- I wish they would help us. (Wishes - Chapter 9)
- It would have saved time if I had known what to do. (False Conditions - Chapter 9)
📋 2. FORMATION OF CONJUGATIONS WITH THE AUXILIARY WOULD
Four Types
There are four types of conjugation formed with the auxiliary would:
- Simple (non-continuous actions)
- Continuous (ongoing actions)
- Perfect (completed actions)
- Perfect Continuous (ongoing completed actions)
💡 Note: Would is used for the first person in American English. In British English, should may also be used for the first person.
2a. The Simple Conjugation with the Auxiliary Would
Simple Conjugation
Used to express non-continuous actions.
🔹 Conjugation of "To Work" (Simple with Would)
| Without Contractions | With Contractions |
|---|---|
| I would work | I'd work |
| you would work | you'd work |
| he would work | he'd work |
| she would work | she'd work |
| it would work | it'd work * |
| we would work | we'd work |
| they would work | they'd work |
* Less frequently used
💡 Note: The contraction 'd is the same for would and had.
🔹 Questions and Negative Statements
Examples
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Affirmative | I would work. |
| Question | Would I work? |
| Negative | I would not work. |
| Negative Question (No Contraction) | Would I not work? |
| Negative Question (Contraction) | Wouldn't I work? |
| Tag Question | I would work, wouldn't I? |
🔹 Polite Requests and Suggestions
Examples
- Would you please pass the butter?
- Perhaps it would be best to postpone the meeting.
2b. The Continuous Conjugation with the Auxiliary Would
Continuous Conjugation
Used to express continuous, ongoing actions.
🔹 Conjugation of "To Work" (Continuous with Would)
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | would be working |
| you | would be working |
| he | would be working |
| she | would be working |
| it | would be working |
| we | would be working |
| they | would be working |
🔹 Questions and Negative Statements
Examples
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Affirmative | I would be working. |
| Question | Would I be working? |
| Negative | I would not be working. |
| Negative Question | Wouldn't I be working? |
| Tag Question | I would be working, wouldn't I? |
2c. The Perfect Conjugation with the Auxiliary Would
Perfect Conjugation
Used as the past form of the Simple conjugation with would.
🔹 Conjugation of "To Work" (Perfect with Would)
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | would have worked |
| you | would have worked |
| he | would have worked |
| she | would have worked |
| it | would have worked |
| we | would have worked |
| they | would have worked |
🔹 Past Form Examples
Examples
| Present Form | Past Form |
|---|---|
| I would like that. | I would have liked that. |
| We would write to him. | We would have written to him. |
🔹 Questions and Negative Statements
Examples
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Affirmative | I would have worked. |
| Question | Would I have worked? |
| Negative | I would not have worked. |
| Negative Question | Wouldn't I have worked? |
| Tag Question | I would have worked, wouldn't I? |
2d. The Perfect Continuous Conjugation with the Auxiliary Would
Perfect Continuous Conjugation
Used as the past form of the Continuous conjugation with would.
🔹 Conjugation of "To Work" (Perfect Continuous with Would)
| Subject | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| I | would have been working |
| you | would have been working |
| he | would have been working |
| she | would have been working |
| it | would have been working |
| we | would have been working |
| they | would have been working |
🔹 Past Form Examples
Examples
| Present Form | Past Form |
|---|---|
| I would be waiting outside. | I would have been waiting outside. |
| He would be helping you. | He would have been helping you. |
🔹 Questions and Negative Statements
Examples
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| Affirmative | I would have been working. |
| Question | Would I have been working? |
| Negative | I would not have been working. |
| Negative Question | Wouldn't I have been working? |
| Tag Question | I would have been working, wouldn't I? |
📌 3. SUMMARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE CONJUGATIONS WITH THE AUXILIARY WOULD
| Conjugation | Auxiliary | Verb Form |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | would | bare infinitive |
| Continuous | would be | present participle |
| Perfect | would have | past participle |
| Perfect Continuous | would have been | present participle |
📝 4. THE "FUTURE IN THE PAST"
Future in the Past
The modal auxiliary would is the past form of the modal auxiliary will.
It is used in reporting statements and questions which pertained to the future at the time they were made.
Examples
| Present | Past (Future in the Past) |
|---|---|
| I think you will succeed. | I thought you would succeed. |
| She says she will visit us next week. | She said she would visit us the following week. |
| They know that we will be arriving tomorrow. | They knew that we would be arriving the next day. |
🔹 Time Expressions
| Used with Present | Used with Past or Future |
|---|---|
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| today | that day / the same day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| next week | the next week / the following week |
| this week | that week / the same week |
| last week | the week before / the previous week |
| next year | the next year / the following year |
📝 EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 8
Exercise 1. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
Example: He would like to help us.
→ Would he like to help us?
→ He would not like to help us.
→ Would he not like to help us?
→ Wouldn't he like to help us?
→ He would like to help us, wouldn't he?
- She would find it easy.
- They would be on time.
Answers to Exercise 1:
- Would she find it easy?
She would not find it easy.
Would she not find it easy?
Wouldn't she find it easy?
She would find it easy, wouldn't she? - Would they be on time?
They would not be on time.
Would they not be on time?
Wouldn't they be on time?
They would be on time, wouldn't they?
Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary would.
Example: I ______ some coffee. (to like) → I would like some coffee.
______ he ______ us? (to believe) → Would he believe us?
They ______ not the interruption. (to mind) → They would not mind the interruption.
- We ______ our best. (to try)
- ______ you not ______ your glasses? (to need)
- I ______ everything carefully. (to plan)
- ______ they ______ us? (to remember)
- ______ he not ______ willing to help them? (to be)
- ______ she not ______ a good job? (to do)
- We ______ not much luggage. (to bring)
- ______ they ______ their decision? (to reconsider)
- You ______ a great deal. (to learn)
- ______ he not ______ the tickets ahead of time? (to purchase)
Answers to Exercise 2:
- would try
- Would, need
- would plan
- Would, remember
- Would, be
- Would, do
- would, bring
- Would, reconsider
- would learn
- Would, purchase
Exercise 3. Complete the following polite requests and suggestions, using the indicated verbs in the Simple conjugation with the auxiliary would.
Example: ______ you some help? (to like) → Would you like some help?
______ you please ______ me the way to the post office? (to tell) → Would you please tell me the way to the post office?
- ______ you for some coffee? (to care)
- ______ you not ______ to visit the library? (to prefer)
- I think it ______ wise to let them know. (to be)
- ______ you please ______ here? (to wait)
- I ______ not that excursion. (to recommend)
- ______ you ______ the door open? (to hold)
Answers to Exercise 3:
- Would, care
- Would, prefer
- would be
- Would, wait
- would, recommend
- Would, hold
Exercise 4. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
Example: She would be arriving by bus.
→ Would she be arriving by bus?
→ She would not be arriving by bus.
→ Would she not be arriving by bus?
→ Wouldn't she be arriving by bus?
→ She would be arriving by bus, wouldn't she?
- You would be coming with us.
- He would be setting an example.
Answers to Exercise 4:
- Would you be coming with us?
You would not be coming with us.
Would you not be coming with us?
Wouldn't you be coming with us?
You would be coming with us, wouldn't you? - Would he be setting an example?
He would not be setting an example.
Would he not be setting an example?
Wouldn't he be setting an example?
He would be setting an example, wouldn't he?
Exercise 5. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would.
Example: I ______ for good weather. (to wish) → I would be wishing for good weather.
______ you ______ them? (to visit) → Would you be visiting them?
- I ______ not overtime. (to work)
- ______ she not ______ to stay? (to intend)
- He ______ for us to call. (to wait)
- ______ they ______ warm clothes? (to wear)
- You ______ twenty dollars on books. (to spend)
- ______ we ______ early? (to arrive)
- ______ I not ______ the guests? (to receive)
- They ______ not him for a long time. (to see)
- ______ he not ______ what to do? (to wonder)
- She ______ not her bicycle. (to ride)
Answers to Exercise 5:
- would, be working
- Would, be intending
- would be waiting
- Would, be wearing
- would be spending
- Would, be arriving
- Would, be receiving
- would, be seeing
- Would, be wondering
- would, be riding
Exercise 6. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
Example: It would have been a disaster.
→ Would it have been a disaster?
→ It would not have been a disaster.
→ Would it not have been a disaster?
→ Wouldn't it have been a disaster?
→ It would have been a disaster, wouldn't it?
- We would have told you.
- They would have won.
Answers to Exercise 6:
- Would we have told you?
We would not have told you.
Would we not have told you?
Wouldn't we have told you?
We would have told you, wouldn't we? - Would they have won?
They would not have won.
Would they not have won?
Wouldn't they have won?
They would have won, wouldn't they?
Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect conjugation with the auxiliary would.
Example: They ______ this interesting. (to find) → They would have found this interesting.
______ she ______ without us? (to come) → Would she have come without us?
- I ______ everything. (to arrange)
- She ______ not to come. (to forget)
- ______ they not ______ what to do? (to know)
- ______ he ______ this route? (to choose)
- We ______ them make a contribution. (to let)
- ______ you not ______ it was missing? (to notice)
- He ______ not it to your old address. (to send)
- ______ you ______ it? (to mention)
- I ______ able to find you. (to be)
- ______ they not ______ us? (to join)
Answers to Exercise 7:
- would have arranged
- would, have forgotten
- Would, have known
- Would, have chosen
- would have let
- Would, have noticed
- would, have sent
- Would, have mentioned
- would have been
- Would, have joined
Exercise 8. Rewrite the following sentences so that they refer to the past, by changing the verbs from the Simple conjugation to the Perfect conjugation.
Example: I would like to come. → I would have liked to come.
Would he appreciate it? → Would he have appreciated it?
- They would mail us their address.
- Would you recognize him?
- He would not order pizza.
- Would I not need your help?
- She would prefer to play the violin.
- Would they not provide clear instructions?
- It would not be a good idea.
- Would you feel left out?
Answers to Exercise 8:
- They would have mailed us their address.
- Would you have recognized him?
- He would not have ordered pizza.
- Would I not have needed your help?
- She would have preferred to play the violin.
- Would they not have provided clear instructions?
- It would not have been a good idea.
- Would you have felt left out?
Exercise 9. Rewrite the following sentences so that they refer to the present, by changing the verbs from the Perfect conjugation to the Simple conjugation.
Example: It would have been preferable. → It would be preferable.
Would we have succeeded? → Would we succeed?
- Would she have drunk the lemonade?
- You would not have wanted to be late.
- We would have begun at once.
- I would not have stayed up all night.
- Would he not have eaten the ice cream?
- Would they have made the dessert?
- She would have known what to do.
- Would you not have recommended it?
Answers to Exercise 9:
- Would she drink the lemonade?
- You would not want to be late.
- We would begin at once.
- I would not stay up all night.
- Would he not eat the ice cream?
- Would they make the dessert?
- She would know what to do.
- Would you not recommend it?
Exercise 10. Rewrite the following affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions, and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions.
Example: I would have been playing in the orchestra.
→ Would I have been playing in the orchestra?
→ I would not have been playing in the orchestra.
→ Would I not have been playing in the orchestra?
→ Wouldn't I have been playing in the orchestra?
→ I would have been playing in the orchestra, wouldn't I?
- He would have been listening to the radio.
- She would have been watering the lawn.
Answers to Exercise 10:
- Would he have been listening to the radio?
He would not have been listening to the radio.
Would he not have been listening to the radio?
Wouldn't he have been listening to the radio?
He would have been listening to the radio, wouldn't he? - Would she have been watering the lawn?
She would not have been watering the lawn.
Would she not have been watering the lawn?
Wouldn't she have been watering the lawn?
She would have been watering the lawn, wouldn't she?
Exercise 11. Complete the following sentences, using the indicated verbs in the Perfect Continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would.
Example: He ______ to see us. (to hope) → He would have been hoping to see us.
______ you ______ to come? (to plan) → Would you have been planning to come?
- I ______ to catch the bus. (to hurry)
- ______ you ______ with us? (to stay)
- He ______ not by train. (to travel)
- ______ we not ______ you here? (to meet)
- They ______ to Halifax. (to come)
- ______ we ______ a report? (to make)
- ______ she not ______ the parcels? (to open)
- We ______ not to the radio. (to listen)
- You ______ for a long time. (to wait)
- ______ they ______ the operation? (to run)
Answers to Exercise 11:
- would have been hurrying
- Would, have been staying
- would, have been traveling
- Would, have been meeting
- would have been coming
- Would, have been making
- Would, have been opening
- would, have been listening
- would have been waiting
- Would, have been running
Exercise 12. Put each of the following sentences into the past, by changing the verb from the Continuous conjugation to the Perfect Continuous conjugation.
Example: I would be enjoying it. → I would have been enjoying it.
- I would be investigating the report.
- Would he be following the shoreline?
- You would not be listening to rumors.
- It would be growing colder.
- They would not be exceeding the speed limit.
- Would she not be weeding the garden?
- Would we be receiving the messages?
- They would be reporting to us.
Answers to Exercise 12:
- I would have been investigating the report.
- Would he have been following the shoreline?
- You would not have been listening to rumors.
- It would have been growing colder.
- They would not have been exceeding the speed limit.
- Would she not have been weeding the garden?
- Would we have been receiving the messages?
- They would have been reporting to us.
Exercise 13. For each of the following sentences, change the verb in the main clause from the Simple Present to the Simple Past; and change the verb in the subordinate clause from the Simple Future to the future in the past. If necessary, alter the adverb or adverb phrase referring to time.
Example: He thinks it will snow tomorrow. → He thought it would snow the next day.
We believe she will succeed. → We believed she would succeed.
- I promise I will help you.
- She says the letter will arrive tomorrow.
- The boys are certain that their plane will fly.
- We expect the weather will improve.
- He maintains that he will win next year.
- We feel that the plan will not work.
- You know I will return next week.
- They tell us that the harvest will be good.
- He hopes the circus will come tomorrow.
- I am sure they will be welcome.
- We think the fruit will be ripe next month.
- They say they will follow us.
Answers to Exercise 13:
- I promised I would help you.
- She said the letter would arrive the next day.
- The boys were certain that their plane would fly.
- We expected the weather would improve.
- He maintained that he would win the next year.
- We felt that the plan would not work.
- You knew I would return the next week.
- They told us that the harvest would be good.
- He hoped the circus would come the next day.
- I was sure they would be welcome.
- We thought the fruit would be ripe the next month.
- They said they would follow us.
📌 KEY SUMMARY
🔹 Conjugations with Would
| Conjugation | Formation | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Simple | would + bare infinitive | Polite requests, suggestions |
| Continuous | would be + present participle | Ongoing actions |
| Perfect | would have + past participle | Past form of Simple |
| Perfect Continuous | would have been + present participle | Past form of Continuous |
💡 Key Points:
- Would is the past form of will.
- Used for polite requests and suggestions.
- Used for future in the past in reported speech.
- Contraction 'd can mean would or had.
- Time expressions change when reporting past statements.
📚 English Grammar | By Mary Ansell
Chapter 8: Conjugations with the Auxiliary Would